Geological Tour - Virtual Museum

Geology virtual

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Contenido - esquema
Virtual Museum Entrance
The Atacama Region
Virtual viewpoint Atacama
The Atacama desert
Atacama in black and white
Maps of Atacama
Rutas de Atacama
La Panamericana en Atacama
Distancias en Atacama
► Geology in photos
Animals of the Atacama Desert
Flora del desierto de Atacama
Climate of the Atacama Region
History of Atacama
Mining in Atacama
Railways of Atacama
Aeródromos en Atacama
Cartas históricas de AtacamaAtacama en 3D
Bibliografía / Enlaces Atacama

Others
Timeline Atacama
Mining history of Atacama
The railroad history of Atacama
Flora Atacama
Animals of the Atacama Desert
Geology in photos
Climate of the Atacama Region
The Atacama desert
Virtual viewpoint Atacama
Aeródromos en Atacama

Museum Virtual
Atacama
Travel instructions
Behavior in the desert
Specific terms
The Andes mountains (I)
The Andes mountains (II)
Atacama desert (1)
Atacama desert (2)
Rain in the desert
Flowering desert (1)

Desert & Atacama
Journey to Atacama
Routes of Atacama
Pan-Americana Highway
Distance between ....
Road maps of Atacama
Books of Atacama
Links Atacama
Imágenes 3-dimensionales

Mines and Mining
Mining districts
Mines of Carrera Pinto
Tres Puntas

Authors of historical works
1821: Reichetzer
1835: Karl C. Leonhard
1840: Petzholdt
1843: Carl Hartmann
1849: B. Cotta
1851: H. Burmeister
1852: de la Beche
1861: Rudolph Ludwig
1863: Rossmässler
1863: Friedrich Schoedler
1866: Carl Vogt
1867/69: Louis Simonin
1873 Lottner / Serlo
1876/78: Charles Darwin
1877: F. Siegmund
1878: Julius Lippert
1886: Krümmel
1886: F. Freiherr von Richthofen
1891: Hermann Credner
1897: Neumayr
1902: Hippolyt Haas
1908: J. Walther
1910: Eberhard Fraas
1912: E. Kayser

Wolfgang Griem en:

Wolfgang Griem

General

Summary of the stratigraphy of the Atacama region (General Geology Notes)
Some units of the Atacama Region (General Geology Notes)
Development of the Atacama Region (General Geology Notes)
Geological map of Atacama

Paleozoic

Permian in general:
Carboniferous

Atacama: Permian granites

Mesozoic:

General Triassic:
Fossils

Triassic Atacama:
Formación La Ternera

Jurassic general: Fossils

Jurassic Atacama: Stratigraphy of the Atacama Region
Formación Lautaro

Cretaceous: Fossils

Cretaceous Atacama:
Stratigraphy of the Atacama Region / Formation Pabellón /  Formation Cerrillos / Formation Qda. Paipote /

Cenozoic:

Tertiary in general: Fósiles

Tertiary in Atacama: / Intrusivas / Gravas Atacama  / Tertiary extrusives  / Fosforitas - litoral

Quaternary in general: cuaternario

Quaternary in Atacama: Dunes and  wind / Coastline and beach / salt flats / Volcanoes

2.1 Intrusive Rocks

Granite / Orbicular Granite / Sienogranite / Granodiorite / Tonalite / Diorite / Gabbro /  Monzodiorite /  Monzonite / Dunite / Carbonatite  /

2.2 Hypabyssal rock (subvolcanic rock)

Dike o Dyke / Mafic dykes / Aplites / Salband / Displaced dike / Sample of a Dike /

2.3 Volcanic and Pyroclastic rocks

Texture porfídica / Fluidal Texture /  Layered Ashes  / basalt columns /
Andesite / Basalt / Riolite / Traquite /  Ignimbrites 1  page 2  páge 3/
Pyroclastic (Lahar)  /

2.4 Volcanoes

Activity of Lascar (1989/90) / Volcan Licancabur

2.5 Thermal activity: Geysers

Geysers El Tatio

2.6. Rocks related to magmatism

Hydrothermal breccias/ Pebble Dyke / veins
more information on Mineral Deposits

3.1.1 Clastic rocks

Sand - Sandstone / Arena eólica / Sandstone / Red sandstone /  Conglomerate / Para- Conglomerate / Sedimentary breccia /

3.1.2 Bio-Chemical, Chemical Rocks

Limestone /  Oolitic Limestone / Sinter / Radiolarite  / Chert

3.1.3 Biológicas-orgánicas

Lignite  / Coal / Coal seam /

3.2.1 Estatification

In general / Cross stratification / graded / Angular Unconformity

3.2.2 Marks

Desiccation crack, mud crack /  Rain Drops / Desiccation crack, fossil / Two systrems of desiccation crack  / Ripple marcs / Ripple marcs, two directions /

3.2.3 Trace fossil

Bioturbation / labores y conductos /  Drilling marks /

3.2.3 The river environment

Types of rivers / meandros / Terrazas  /  sand and river terrace  / suspended load  /  river junction ... and at Germany /

3.3.1 Meteorization types

Chemical Weathering / Karren  / franjas de solución química  / Anillos de Liesegang  /  esferoidal en rocas intrusivas / desintegración de Rocas / Granite disaggregation /  Heatcrack Atacama desert, Chile /

3.3.2 Erosion Structures
Movimiento de masas

Gravitation: Small Landslide / Landslide  / Slumping  / block field /  block fall  / Mud flow, debris flow  /   Aluvial fan  / Mud flow / Mudflow - Copiapó /  Differentiated erosion  /
Columnas (pirámides) de erosión /
Water erosion: River Environment / Forces of the sea /
Erosión del viento: Tafoni
Erosión por hielo

3.3.3 Transporte

River environment: / suspended load / suspensión en río grande  / confluence of rivers with different loads
Wind: / Dunes / Sandstorm / 
The ocean

3.4.1 Aluvión

Small Landslide / Landslide  / Coladas (mar) de bloques / caída de un bloque  / Mud flow, debris flow

3.4.2 Fluvial environment

Types of rivers: braided river / meandering /  braided / Terrazas  / sand and river terrace /

3.4.3 Aeolian processes

Longitudinal dune  / Transverse dune / Ripple marks / Sandstorm /

3.4.4 Glacial

Poligonos de permafrost / glacial till, moraine /

3.4.5 Other terrestrial

Salt flats / Soil salinity in arid zones / bogs and peatlands

3.4.5 Coastal

Gravel coastline / rocky coastline  / sand shore / litoral de coquinas / Shallow water - tidal flat /

Historical images

see figures and historical texts on geosciences - sedimentary environment

Schists / Phyllites /  Eclogite   / Skarn of Garnet, "Granatita" /

Milonita

5.1 Joints

Joints 1 / rock type and fracture

5.2 Faults

Fault /  Inversial Fault /  Fault in intrusive rocks  / Falla subhorizontal  / Complex situation (Caos de Puquios)

5.3 Fault indicators

Slickenside 1 / Espejo de falla /  Fault breccia  Milonita (4.1) / diaclasas plumosas de cizalle /
Indirect indicators: Vegetation and faults /

5.4 Folds

Folds / Folds in schists /

5.5 Disconformities

Angular non-conformity / Disconformitie of Qda. Paipote

5.6 Dikes and veins

Dikes (see magmatic rocks), vetas

5.7 Chronology

Chronology in veins

5.8 Earthquakes

Earthquakes in Atacama: List
Description and photos Copiapó 1918 / Copiapó 1922 /
Burmeister 1859 /  1859 Johnstone / Henwood / 1851: Gilliss / Treutler 1851 - earthquakes (general) /

6.1 Protozoa (unicellular)

Foraminifera

6.2 Coelenterates

Corals: calceola

6.3 Molluscs

Polyplacophora (Apretador)  
Gasteropods: Snails
Cefalopods: Nautiloideas  
Ammonoideas:  Ceratites /  Dactylioceras / Dactylioceras communes / Pseudolioceras /   Amaltheus / Scaphites / 
Belemnoidea: Belemnites (cretaceous)   /  Belemnitas (Jurassic)  /
lamelibranquios  Bivalves / Gryphaea / Ostreas  /  Modiolus

6.4 Arthropods

Trilobites / Balanos fossil / Balanos actual  /

6.5 Brachyopods

1 (Rhynchonella) / Rhyncho-2 / R. acutecosta  / Stropheodonta (Devonian) / Spirifer (Devonian)  /

6.6 Echinoderms

sea urchin / Crinoid segments / Encrinos /
Saccocoma

6.7 Vertebrates

Fish / Paleoniscus (fish) permian   / Shark Teeth / shark vertebra  /

6.8 Plantas

Wood
Facies de Mina Gabriela (El Transito)
Carboniferous - Plants (Germany): Neuropteris /  Annularia  / Alethopteris

Historical figures

see more illustrations of fossils in the module of historical images in geosciences.

Mud crack

8.1 Structures and deposits

Hydrothermal breccias / Pebble Dyke / Stockwerk / Pegmatite / Exotic deposit
Sulphur deposit (volcano)
Vetas / quartz vein

8.2 Secondary minerals:

Epidot / Turmalin / Pyrolusite /
more minerals...

8.3 Alterated Rocks

Sector alterated / Rocks / Alteration and Stockwerk

9.1 Maps and sectors

Maps  /  Checo de Cobre y Qda. Descubridora

9.2 3-Dimensional Images

Content: 3D images of the Region

10.1 Minerals

Minerals / Minerales A-Z  / halite / Bornite / quartz / calcite / Baritine /  more

10.2 Historical works

Introduction to Geology / Mineral Deposits / Tektoniks / Palaeontology and fossils / Maps / Atacama / Mining and Mines /

10.3  Geological quotations

Contents / quotations Region Atacama  /  Sedimentology  / Magmatic / Metamorfic / Mineral Deposits  / Plate Tektonics / more